Spectrum Disorder (Autism) Treatment in Dallas, TX

There are three main types of spectrum disorders, namely autism spectrum disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified or PDD-NOS. As of 2013, however, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has categorized Asperger’s as a subtype of autism.

All of these conditions resemble one another, with the distinction of severity. Autism tends to be the most severe, while Asperger’s is labeled ‘high functioning autism.’ On the surface, all of these spectrum disorders are likely to manifest the following symptoms:

• Unresponsive to being called by name
• Repetitive, non-goal-directed behavior like hand flapping
• Delayed or no language development
• Avoidance of eye contact
• Deficit in language comprehension
• Non-verbal communication such as grunts or pointing
• Reliance on routines and patterns
• Aggressive or violent behavior
• Self-stimulatory or self-injurious behavior
• Sensitivity to different textures, tastes, sounds, and stimulation
• Inappropriate or abnormal interaction
• Lack of empathy
• Difficulty learning
• Repeating words
• Strange, unnatural postures
• Not engaging in play with children of the same age

A child with autism might seem like they are living in their world, unable to perceive others around them. They also rely heavily on routines, becoming upset when their schedules or environments change. Remember that these symptoms can occur in varying degrees of severity. So, while a child with a severe autism spectrum disorder might be difficult or even impossible to communicate with, others with high functioning disorders may be able to socialize and function with mild to moderate impairment.

It’s also important to note that while children may seem severe early on, prompt and efficient therapy can help them cope and become independent as they age. Early intervention is the cornerstone of effective spectrum disorder treatment, giving children a 66% chance of becoming independent adults.

Several theories try to explain what happens in the brain of a child with autism. One such theory suggests structural changes in areas of the brain that control functions like language, socialization, and emotion, among other things. Then some hypothesize that the condition might result from too many connections between neurons than what’s considered normal.

Another theory speculates that the brain’s function is more erratic and less predictable in children with spectrum disorders, making it challenging to regulate the many different positions. Whatever the case, all of these studies may have some substance. But we have yet to entirely understand the exact cause or reasons behind the condition.

Presently, there is no cure for spectrum disorders, and interventions are mainly focused on minimizing the effects of the condition so that the patient can achieve the highest level of functioning and independence possible, given the severity of their situation. So, experts combine medications and behavioral therapies to assist patients towards improved functioning.

Today, there are only two medications approved by the FDA for children with autism, and those are aripiprazole and risperidone. Prescribed for children ages 6 to 15, these drugs help manage irritability, which is particularly important for children with self-injurious behavior. The medication also reduces the child’s risk of injury to family members and therapists, which is common among more aggressive patients.

Other than that, experts recommend intensive therapy from the time of diagnosis until it’s deemed beneficial. Treatments can focus on various aspects of daily life, from motor skills to life skills and even job acquisition assistance. Treatment plans change from patient to patient since the condition’s manifestations vary. However, it is common for patients to require some if not all of the following treatments:

• Speech and language therapy: The goal of this therapy is to assist patients in expanding their vocabulary, expressing themselves, and understanding others around them. Social cues are also part of the treatment, wherein they’re provided lessons on understanding non-verbal gestures and expressions. This can be particularly helpful because of the delay in language and speech development that most patients experience and the abnormal socialization patterns they manifest.
• Physical therapy: Awkward postures, limited range of motion, impaired motor functioning, and planning are also some. symptoms of spectrum disorders. Patients can learn how to master their bodies and prevent injuries and accidents through physical therapy. For children with Asperger’s, physical therapy can also help reduce clumsiness associated with the condition.
• Occupational therapy: Many spectrum disorders symptoms can make it tough to navigate the world and engage in daily activities. But occupational therapy works with goal-directed methods to help children excel in their hobbies, interests, and responsibilities. This specific branch of treatment places the patient in real-life situations – like cooking in a kitchen, taking a bath, or sitting in a classroom – to help them develop the proper skills for specific tasks.